Hobbes Social Contract Theory: An Overview
Philosopher Thomas Hobbes is one of the most influential political philosophers of the early modern period. He is known for his famous work, “Leviathan,” where he puts forth his social contract theory. In this article, we will explore Hobbes’ social contract theory and what it means for society.
The Basics of Hobbes Social Contract Theory
Hobbes` main argument is that human beings live in a state of nature where there is no government or social order. In this state, individuals are in a constant state of war with each other, where every individual is trying to secure their own interests. According to Hobbes, this state of nature is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
Hobbes believed that to escape from this state of nature, individuals must enter into a social contract, which is an agreement between individuals and the state. The social contract is a covenant between the people and the government, where people surrender their individual rights and submit to the authority of the government. In return, the government provides security and protection to its citizens.
The Implications of Hobbes Social Contract Theory
Hobbes’ social contract theory has significant implications for the relationship between the government and its citizens. The government is seen as having a monopoly on violence and as the only entity that can provide security to its citizens. Citizens, in return, must submit to the government and give up some of their individual rights.
Hobbes’ theory has also been used to justify authoritarian governments. According to Hobbes, individuals must submit to the authority of the government to avoid the chaos of the state of nature. Therefore, some people argue that a strong authoritarian government is necessary to provide stability and order in society.
Critiques of Hobbes Social Contract Theory
Hobbes’ social contract theory has faced several critiques, the most prominent of which is the idea that the social contract can be revoked if the government fails to provide for its citizens. Critics argue that if the government does not provide security and protection, individuals have the right to dissolve the social contract and overthrow the government.
Additionally, Hobbes` social contract theory is often criticized for being overly pessimistic about human nature. Critics argue that Hobbes` view of human beings as being inherently selfish and violent is not accurate.
Conclusion
Hobbes’ social contract theory remains an influential philosophical concept in political theory. It provides a perspective on the relationship between the government and its citizens, arguing that individuals must submit to the authority of the government to avoid the chaos of the state of nature. While Hobbes’ theory has faced critiques, it remains an important topic of discussion in political philosophy and continues to shape the way we think about the relationship between individuals and the state.